波尔多: 波尔多最好的葡萄酒

波尔多是法国葡萄酒的摇篮:2000年的葡萄栽培历史、独特的波尔多红葡萄酒和迷人的Châteauux葡萄酒,都赋予了波尔多葡萄酒庄严的气质。波尔多葡萄酒的种类繁多,风味各异,但都具有可识别性。罗马人对该地区葡萄种植的出现负有责任;然而,波尔多葡萄园的诞生却要追溯到十二世纪。英国国王亨利-普朗塔奈特(Henry Plantagenet)与阿基坦的埃莉奥诺拉(Eleonora)联姻,开启了阿基坦葡萄酒到英国的贸易。英国统治于1500年结束,与伦敦的贸易也随之停止,但与荷兰的贸易却开始蓬勃发展。随着十八世纪的到来,政治阶层购买了葡萄酒庄园,为波尔多葡萄酒的生产注入了新的动力,瓶中陈酿技术也随之诞生。拿破仑时期重新建立了与英国的贸易往来,并首次对苏玳-巴萨克(Sauternes-Barsac)莫特纳-巴萨克(Mauternes-Barsac)的葡萄园进行了分级。Médoc-Graves,定义了 “cru级é” “château”的含义。无可争议的波尔多红葡萄酒是由该地区最具代表性的三种葡萄酿制而成:赤霞珠、苏维翁、梅洛和品丽珠。xtraWine波尔多红葡萄酒专门开辟了一个大版块,提供来自2014和2015最佳年份的葡萄酒,这些葡萄酒曾获得Hachette颁发的重要奖项。所有由xtraWine推荐的波尔多葡萄酒都以其独特的温暖、浓郁和包裹性风味而著称,这些葡萄酒均由一流酒庄生产,例如:Château Guiraud、Château d'Yquem、Château Du Retout、Château Mont-Perat、Dourthe、Kressmann 和 Reignac

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生产区域
波尔多
波尔多 1
波尔多 2

波尔多

国家名称 France
历史 罗马人可能是最早在波尔多种植葡萄树的人,而最早描述这一地区的是诗人奥索尼乌斯(Ausonius,公元 310-393 年)。他也是我们所知的第一位波尔多葡萄种植者,他在加龙河附近拥有四分之一公顷的葡萄园。他还将自己的名字赋予了圣埃米利永著名的奥辛城堡葡萄园。在罗马时代之后的几个世纪里,我们几乎找不到有关波尔多及其葡萄栽培的证据,直到 12 世纪,葡萄栽培才开始兴起。到 1200 年,布尔格(Bourg)、布莱耶(Blaye)、多尔多涅河下游和加龙河流域都有了葡萄园。格拉夫(Graves)当时已经是一个重要的葡萄种植区,Pape Clémant 是该地区最古老的葡萄园。当时的梅多克还是一片沼泽地,直到 17 世纪中叶才被荷兰人开垦出来,从而为梅多克贵族一级酒庄葡萄酒的诞生创造了条件。
白色葡萄 1
土壤和气候 波尔多毗邻大西洋,属于海洋性气候,冬季温和,夏季凉爽。东北部海边的松树林为该地区遮风挡雨。七月是日照时间最长的月份,而八月则是最炎热的月份。降雨量有时会很大。
典型菜肴 从著名的主菜到小龙虾、牛肝菌和蜗牛,博尔德莱斯(Bordelaise)菜肴都是当地特产。波尔多鲈鱼是这些特色菜中的代表:在吉伦特河口捕获的这种洄游鱼类与梅多克葡萄酒、韭菜和香料一起烹制。从二月中旬到三月底,您可以在费尔南德小酒馆(chez Fernand)品尝这道菜,这家小酒馆的露台可以俯瞰波尔多海滨,这里是联合国教科文组织世界遗产。整个西南部都是大自然的颂歌:芦笋、牛肝菌、李子、苹果、核桃和栗子为鹅和鸭增添了风味,鹅和鸭的饲养是一种名副其实的崇拜。鹅肝酱、鸭柳、鹅里脊......在餐厅菜单上从未缺席。从热尔省的萨马坦(Samatan)到多尔多涅省的蒂维尔(Thiviers),途经吉伦特省的蒙塞古尔(Monségur)或朗德省的圣塞弗(Saint-Sever),您可以参观整个冬季风景如画的鹅肉集市:您会发现毛冠鸡、鸭子、鹅,以及西南部著名的鹅肝鸭,它们现在已成为法国美食的象征,享有 IGP(受保护的地理标志)标签。与波尔多 Quai des Saveurs 的厨师们一起学习如何烹饪鹅肝。
典型产品 红葡萄品种有赤霞珠、品丽珠、梅洛、马贝克(Cot)和小维铎。不同酒庄和产区之间的差异在很大程度上取决于这些葡萄品种的比例。与波尔多联系最紧密的葡萄品种是赤霞珠,它是一种小浆果品种,具有非常明显的黑加仑和雪松木特性。梅洛是波尔多种植最广泛的葡萄品种,近年来发展势头强劲。梅洛成熟较早,不需要像赤霞珠那样长时间陈酿。品丽珠与其亲戚赤霞珠有许多共同之处。品丽珠的浆果比赤霞珠大,酿造的葡萄酒通常密度较低。马尔贝克(Malbec)有时也用于波尔多地区,为葡萄酒增色并添加单宁。小味而多(Petit Verdot)具有良好的酸度和高贵的单宁,有助于提高葡萄酒的品质和持久性。